Technology – Part 3
By Dharmesh Patel

1 January 2015 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Infection, URO - Neurourology, URO - Paediatric Urology, URO - Core Urology, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Technology, URO - Trauma & Emergency, URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Uroradiology
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Case 1

Figure A.

 

Figure B.

 

  1. What is shown in figures A and B?
  2. What is the diameter of each scope?
  3. What is the working channel size of each?
  4. What are the advantages of a digital versus optic flexible ureteroscope?

 

 

 

Case 2

 

 

  1. What is this machine?
  2. What are the different methods of its operation?
  3. Calculate the following uroflow parameters: voided volume (Vcomp), voiding time (T100), maximum flow (Qmax).
  4. What is the probability of obstruction with a Q-max of <10ml/s, 10-15ml/s and >15ml/s?

 

 

 

Case 3

 

 

  1. What is this machine?
  2. How does it calculate volume?
  3. Calculate the urine volume from the ultrasound images A and B.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Technology – answers

 

Case 1
  1. A: Video flexible cystoscopy (Karl Storz C-VIEW). B: Video uretero-renoscope (Karl Storz Flex XC).
  2. A: Video flexible cystoscopy is 16Fr. B: Video uretero-renoscope is 8.4Fr.
  3. A: Video flexible cystoscopy is 8.4F. B: Video uretero-renoscope is 3.6Fr.
  4. Improved vision translates to more efficient stone fragmentation with a significant reduction in flexible ureterorenoscopy time and overall operative time.

 

Case 2
  1. Uroflowmetry machine.
  2. Gravimetric principle: weight of urine is the urine volume and by differentiation the flow rate. Momentum flux principle: a rotating disk slows as urine falls on it. The power required to maintain a constant disc speed is used to calculate urine flow. Capacitance principle: electrical capacitance of a metallic strip in a urine collecting chamber of standard size changes with the height of urine as it fills.
  3. Vcomp = 244ml, T100 = 20s, Qmax = 20ml/s.
  4. Approximately: 90% with Qmax <10ml/s, 60% with Qmax between 10-15ml/s and 30% with a Qmax >15ml/s.
Case 3
  1. Ultrasound bladder scanner.
  2. By taking measurements in two planes, and deriving length, width and height measurement, bladder volume can be calculated. This utilises the prolate ellipsoid formula (π/6 x L x H x W). This is relatively simple and easy to use.
  3. (π/6 x L x H x W) or more simply (0.52 x L x H x W) (prolate ellipsoid formula) = 175mls.

 

For Part 1 of this topic click here.

For Part 2 of this topic click here.

 

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Dharmesh Patel

Urology Trust Fellow

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