BPS – a diagnostic enigma
Reviewed by Arun K Sharma

This article from a London teaching hospital presents the results of a Medline search about challenges in bladder pain syndrome. All the known definitions from the American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU), etc. are given while the authors also describe around a dozen differential diagnosis and how to exclude them. After sections on diagnosis and investigations, the management is discussed under four headings from the first-line to the fourth-line of treatment. For those of us preparing for higher exams, Table 3 is particularly useful as it demonstrates the level of evidence for each treatment modality. With around 100 references, this article is worth reading if you want to update yourself about BPS. 

Challenges and current evidence on management of bladder pain syndrome.
Chrysanthopoulou EL, Doumouchtsis SK.
NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS
2014;33:1193-201.