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BCG strain differences have an impact on clinical outcome in bladder cancer immunotherapy

1 March 2015 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been part of the treatment algorithm for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for a number of years. In this single centre, prospective, randomised trial, two of the most commonly available strains, BCG Connaught and BCG Tice,...

History of prostate biopsy – part 2

1 September 2018 | | URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Technology
For Part 1 of this topic is available here. The major limitations of the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy (PBx) protocols are the risk of profound sepsis and the risk of persistently significant false negative rates, related to the...

Reducing the burden of NMIBC: outpatient laser management in morbid patients

1 May 2014 | | URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Urologic Oncology
With non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) posing a significant burden on urological departments, alternative ways of safely and effectively managing these patients with a minimally invasive approach is desirable. As rates of recurrence are high but progression rates low, and...

Cryotherapy for small renal masses: better than surveillance?

1 March 2014 | | URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Urologic Oncology
With the rapid rise in incidental small renal mass detection, some of which have malignant potential, comes the need to either survey or treat these masses safely and with minimal morbidity. This large series of 147 patients with 171 masses,...

Use of MRI in the evaluation of prostate cancer: part 1

1 January 2015 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Uroradiology
Introduction Prostate cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in UK men, after lung cancer [1]. The incidence of prostate cancer in the UK has shown a rapid increase...

An update on erectile dysfunction guidelines and treatment options

1 March 2019 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Technology
Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to attain and / or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual performance. Not only does this have a psychosocial impact, it also affects the quality of life of both the patients and...

Can we make LATE-presenting posterior urethral valves an EARLIER-treated condition?

3 September 2024 | | URO - Paediatric Urology
What are posterior urethral valves? Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most common cause of congenital bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and renal failure in male children. They were first described by the Italian anatomist Giovanni Battista Morgagni back in the...

Non-urothelial bladder malignancies

3 May 2024 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Case 1 An 80-year-old gentleman presented with a history of visible haematuria and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). He has been performing intermittent self catheterisation (ISC) for detrusor underactivity for over 20 years. A flexible cystoscopy showed these appearances of...

Keeping your eye on the ball: atypical presentations of testicular malignancy

4 March 2025 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Most testicular cancers present with a painless lump on the testes, and most are confidently diagnosed on examination and ultrasound. They have an excellent prognosis, with 90% patients alive at 10 years [1]. However, advanced testicular cancer, or those with...

The medical management of LUTS/BPH – an update

1 July 2018 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
For many years it has been recognised by both medical professionals and the general public that the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is highly prevalent and is predominantly age-dependent. Medical professionals understand that in men this is often,...

The process of medical innovation – evolving trends and future perspectives

5 May 2021 | | URO - Technology
In 2018 the United Kingdom Government spending on healthcare totalled almost £166 billion. Of this approximately 65% was attributed to providing curative or rehabilitation therapy, with health-related long-term care and provision of goods accounting for 25%. The remaining was accredited...

Nephrocalcinosis

1 May 2017 | | URO - Endourology & Stones
Case 1 What does this x-ray of the kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) show? What are the likely causes? What is the pathology behind medullary sponge kidneys (MSK)? What is the risk of urolithiasis with MSK? How are such patients...