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Overview of partial nephrectomy techniques: influence of technology

1 July 2017 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Technology
Traditionally, radical nephrectomy was the preferred operation for kidney cancer, while partial nephrectomy was reserved for specific circumstances and essential indications such as a tumour in a solitary kidney, bilateral kidney tumours, or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given the...

A guide to local anaesthetic transperineal prostate biopsy

2 November 2023 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
In the UK, nearly 100,000 men undergo a prostate biopsy annually, a figure projected to double in the next decade [1]. In recent years, we have observed a paradigm shift in urological practice in numerous UK hospitals. The conventional transrectal,...

Testicular microlithiasis

1 May 2015 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Uroradiology
Introduction Testicular microlithiasis (TML) was originally described in 1970 in a healthy four-year-old boy [1] and the first paper regarding microlithiasis as an entity seen on ultrasound was published in 1987 [2]. Testicular microlithiasis is seen on ultrasound as small,...

The assessment and medical treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH

1 November 2016 | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
The term benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) describes prostate enlargement due to non-cancerous processes. Several aetiological mechanisms are involved, including hormonal and vascular alterations; abnormal regulation of apoptosis; and prostatic inflammation, which may stimulate cellular proliferation. With ageing, prostate enlargement can...

Female and functional

13 March 2023 | | URO - Core Urology
Case 1 A 65-year-old woman presents with an 18-month history of “recurrent urinary tract infections” (rUTI). She is otherwise fit and well with no underlying medical problems and no lower urinary tract symptoms. What is the definition of a UTI...

Urethral pathology

1 September 2019 | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Infection, URO - Trauma & Emergency
Case 1 A 43-year-old lady presents with urinary incontinence and vaginal pain associated with intercourse. An initial CT scan is performed. Case courtesy of Radswiki, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 12056. Case courtesy of Radswiki, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 12056 What is the clinical diagnosis...

Bladder outlet obstruction

1 May 2016 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Case 1 Define the zonal anatomy of the prostate: A, B and C What is the significance of Zone A and Zone C? Clasify the types of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) Which investigations should be routinely undertaken for a...

Lifestyle interventions for UI in women

1 March 2018 | | URO - Infection, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Neurourology
Lifestyle interventions for urinary incontinence (UI) are supported by all major guidelines. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline (CG171) from September 2013 (updated November 2015) [1] recommends lifestyle advice including dietary modifications such as caffeine reduction,...

The conservative assessment and treatment of mixed urinary and anal incontinence in women: a multidisciplinary approach

1 September 2019 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Neurourology
Mixed urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence (UI) is considered to be a highly prevalent condition; however, depending upon the definitions used, actual reported prevalence rates can vary significantly. The International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) review [1], reported unadjusted prevalence estimates for...

Modern management of small renal masses

1 September 2019 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
With the advent of widespread cross-sectional imaging there has been a surge in incidental detection of small renal masses (SRMs) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is now the seventh most common cancer in the UK. Whilst surgical excision for larger...

Use of Clavien-Dindo classification in urology part 1 – pelvic surgery

1 March 2016 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
There is no widely accepted system to classify postoperative complications. It is necessary to compare the outcome and complications while validating a new surgical procedure or one of the surgical approaches of a particular condition. Several parameters have long been...

Urethral diverticulum: a review of the literature and local experience

1 May 2016 | | URO - Uroradiology, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Urethral diverticula are an uncommon finding on imaging. They are focal outpouchings of the urethra into the periurethral / urethrovaginal space, occurring more frequently in females (up to 6% of women) [1]. These diverticula are becoming more prevalent in clinical...