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Virtual reality: a novel approach to pain management during ESWL

4 March 2025 | | URO - Technology, URO - Endourology & Stones
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a well-established treatment for kidney and ureteric stone disease, employing high-energy shock waves to fragment stones into smaller pieces for passage through the urinary tract. This article explores the application of virtual reality (VR)...

A ‘survival guide’ to an ST3 year in urology

1 January 2015 | | URO - Core Urology
Following success in national selection, it soon dawns on the successful candidate that entry into higher surgical training (HST) requires more than a little clinical knowledge. The role requires administrative and organisational skills not hitherto called upon. This additional skill...

COVID-19: the impact on a junior registrar

26 May 2020 | | URO - Core Urology
Prior to the coronavirus pandemic I was a trust grade junior registrar, using this year at a district general hospital to gain experience, skills and portfolio points for round two of National Selection. My urology registrar on-call duties would consist...

Consensus statements on PSA testing in asymptomatic men in the UK

1 May 2016 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
In January 2016, the UK National Screening Committee once again recommended against a systematic population screening programme for prostate cancer due to the, as yet, insufficient evidence that the benefits of screening would outweigh the harm to the population as...

The process of medical innovation – evolving trends and future perspectives

5 May 2021 | | URO - Technology
In 2018 the United Kingdom Government spending on healthcare totalled almost £166 billion. Of this approximately 65% was attributed to providing curative or rehabilitation therapy, with health-related long-term care and provision of goods accounting for 25%. The remaining was accredited...

The surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence in a post-mesh era

7 July 2020 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Infection
Trends in surgical management of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) have changed in recent times, mainly due to the ‘High Vigilance Pause’ placed on the use of mesh for SUI (and prolapse) surgery in July 2018 following an independent...

Sperm selection techniques in assisted reproductive technologies: state of the ART?

4 May 2023 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Technology
Infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy following one year of regular, unprotected intercourse (in the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle). Infertility is a common problem that affects between 7 and 15% of couples worldwide, with male factor infertility...

Stuttering (recurrent ischaemic) priapism

1 March 2018 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Infection, URO - Neurourology, URO - Paediatric Urology, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Technology, URO - Trauma & Emergency, URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Uroradiology
Stuttering (recurrent ischaemic) priapism (SP) is a rare urological condition. Affected men will often experience almost daily prolonged and painful sleep related erections (SRE). Interestingly, these men report normal erections during the day and whilst awake. These episodes are usually...

Kidney stones in pregnancy

2 November 2023 | | URO - Endourology & Stones
Case 1 A 28-year-old female, 19 weeks pregnant, presents with severe left loin pain. There is no past medical history of note. Blood tests show a white cell count of 14.1x109/L and creatinine of 56umol/L. An ultrasound scan (USS) reports...

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

1 September 2017 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Uroradiology
Introduction Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a condition that occurs when extensive fibrosis develops in the retroperitoneum, usually centred over the anterior aspect of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. The fibrotic tissue typically surrounds the infrarenal aorta, inferior vena cava...

The burning issue of urinary tract infections

1 September 2018 | | URO - Infection, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria colonise and proliferate in the urinary tract. These are characterised by specific clinical symptoms (dysuria, suprapubic tenderness, urgency and urinary frequency) which commonly occur alongside the finding of bacteriuria. UTIs are common –...

Clinical trials 1

1 January 2017 | URO - Basic Science Research
Clinical Trials 2 is available here. Case 1 1. What are the levels of clinical evidence based on the 2009 definitions from the ‘Oxford CEBM’? 2. What is the null hypothesis? 3. What are type 1 and type 2 errors?...