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ESWL and URS for treatment of paediatric urolithiasis

Tejwani et al. have undertaken a comparative effectiveness study to characterise differences in procedure frequency, postoperative re-admissions and emergency room (ER) visits, and repeat treatment rates for children (≤18 years) with urolithiasis who underwent initial intervention with extracorporeal shock wave...

A guided guide to the guide wire

The use of guide wires has become a core skill utilised by urologists, especially within the field of endourology. The authors take us through the development of the guide wire and their current use in urology. The history The first...

Penile cancer: a practical approach

Penile cancer is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in males in the UK, with around 640 new cases diagnosed every year [1]. In England and Wales, the annual incidence is between 1.2 and...

Urethral diverticulum: a review of the literature and local experience

Urethral diverticula are an uncommon finding on imaging. They are focal outpouchings of the urethra into the periurethral / urethrovaginal space, occurring more frequently in females (up to 6% of women) [1]. These diverticula are becoming more prevalent in clinical...

Management of RHC in prostate cancer with selective embolisation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men worldwide. Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for localised and locally advanced prostate cancer. While radiotherapy can be effective, it may lead to complications such as radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis...

Medical statistics for urologists: part 2 – probability and hypothesis testing

Following on from Part 1 of this series (Part 3 available here), this article aims to build on other analytical techniques commonly used within medical research, focusing on simple examples. Probability and testing Before exploring hypothesis testing, it is vital...

TIP hypospadias repair

This paper by one of the current international leaders in hypospadias surgery looks at the outcome of over 1800 consecutive hypospadias repairs using the tubularised incised plate (TIP) repair, beginning from the first original operation through to sequential modifications over...

MRI of the Prostate: A Practical Approach

The MRI is a non-negotiable part of prostate cancer diagnosis and management. As a result, this book is an essential. This nicely illustrated and well written account covers aspects ranging from MRI protocols, through Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System...

Dietary citrate substitution in urolithiasis patients

Stone formation is dependent on supersaturation of urinary salts and urinary crystal retention. Urinary promoters (protein aggregates, cell debris) and inhibitors (citrate, magnesium, urinary macromolecules such as glycosaminoglycans and proteins) are involved in the process of stone formation [1]. Hypocitraturia...

Nuptial night tragedy

Case 1 A fit and well 50-year-old gentleman presents to the emergency department with pain and swelling of his penis that started a few hours after he had a shower earlier in the day. On examination, the appearance is as...

Infections and inflammation: Part 3

See also Part 1 and Part 2 Case 1 You review a man in the Emergency Department with scrotal pain and sepsis. His clinical examination findings are shown. What does this image show? Who was this condition named after? What...

Nephrocalcinosis

Case 1 What does this x-ray of the kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) show? What are the likely causes? What is the pathology behind medullary sponge kidneys (MSK)? What is the risk of urolithiasis with MSK? How are such patients...