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Cystitis Unmasked

5 October 2021 | Infection, Functional Urology
Cystitis is often viewed as a heartsink diagnosis, and sometimes one of exclusion. The aetiology is multifactorial and misunderstood. Treatment has been based on dogma, and poor clinical and scientific evidence. The truth is, that despite the significant morbidity caused...

The challenge of psychological problems in enuresis treatment

1 May 2016 | | Paediatric Urology | Adherence, Compliance, Impact, Nocturnal enuresis, Psychology, Screening
The first sentence of the conclusion of this review article reads: “In the past decade the role of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis has changed from a primary causal factor to a consequence or comorbidity.” The authors...

Prevention of urethral stricture recurrence

1 September 2014 | | Functional Urology
Urethral stricture recurrence after urethral reconstruction is one of the most challenging problems in urology. With the increase in endoscopic surgery over the last three decades the incidence of urethral strictures has increased, with iatrogenic manipulation the leading aetiology in...

The current state of surgical practice for neonatal torsion

1 September 2014 | | Paediatric Urology | Perinatal testicular torsion, Postnatal torsion, Prenatal torsion
Perinatal testicular torsion may be subdivided into prenatal (73%) and postnatal (28%) up to 30 days post birth. Aetiology in the former is universally extra vaginal around the whole of the tunica vaginalis with testicular salvage rate of <5%. Postnatal...

Bladder debris on ultrasound as a predictor for positive urine culture

1 September 2018 | | Functional Urology, Infection, Paediatric Urology | Bladder debris, Hydronephrosis, Pediatric, Ultrasound, Urinary tract infection, Vesicoureteral reflux
One of the common ultrasound findings in children who undergo renal tract evaluation is ‘debris in the bladder’. The aetiology of bladder debris is varied and the likelihood that urinary debris represents positive urine culture is debatable. The authors of...

Small renal masses – diagnosis and management

1 January 2017 | | Urologic Oncology
Renal cancer is the eighth most common cancer in the UK and accounts for about 3% of all new cancer diagnoses [1]. The incidence rates are steadily rising, with the highest rates being in older men and women. This rise...

History of prostate biopsy – part 1

1 January 2018 | | Basic Science Research, Technological Developments, Urologic Oncology
Part 2 of this topic is available here. Prostate biopsy (PBx) to exclude cancer has been part of clinical practice since the beginning of the 20th Century. PBx techniques have evolved over time to optimally address some of the unique...

Why bother? Metabolic screening for stone formers

1 May 2016 | | Endourology and Stones
Introduction Despite the considerable increase in the incidence of stone disease in the UK and elsewhere in recent years, urologists have engaged with preventative strategies to only a limited degree. With mounting evidence of the strong correlation between obesity and...

Systematic reviews and meta-analysis – a stepwise approach

3 May 2024 | | Andrology, Basic Science Research, Endourology and Stones, Functional Urology, Infection, Neurourology, Paediatric Urology, Reconstructive Urology, Technological Developments, Trauma and Emergency Urology, Urologic Oncology, Uroradiology
As per Cochrane definition (2013), a systematic literature review (SR) attempts “to identify, appraise and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question” [1]. A meta-analysis (MA) is a statistical assessment of...

Ejaculatory dysfunction – too swift, too slow and the no-show

1 July 2021 | | Andrology
Timing is everything.’ Although an expression most frequently linked to comedy, timing also seems just as critical in the business of sexual climax. Indeed, many men worry about ejaculating. Too soon is embarrassing. Too slow is frustrating. And not ejaculating...

Urodynamics in review: stress urinary incontinence in women produced by the Urodynamics Committee of the ICS

1 November 2018 | | Functional Urology, Infection, Neurourology
Urodynamic studies (UDS) are the best tools to objectively assess the lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) of various aetiologies [1]. According to the general understanding and consensus of the medical community UDS should be performed only when they will change...

The surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence in a post-mesh era

7 July 2020 | | Functional Urology, Infection, Reconstructive Urology
Trends in surgical management of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) have changed in recent times, mainly due to the ‘High Vigilance Pause’ placed on the use of mesh for SUI (and prolapse) surgery in July 2018 following an independent...