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Botulinum toxin – from the sausage poison to urology

Botulinum toxin is the first biological toxin to be licensed for use in treating human disease and since its first therapeutic use in the early 1980s for strabismus has become widely used in the fields of ophthalmology, cosmetic surgery, migraine...

Demanding cases or nightmares in endourology? May/June 2017

In the sixth article in this series the authors describe endourology nightmares involving ileal conduits and calculi. Case 1 A 69-year-old man who had a cystectomy and ileal conduit for muscle invasive bladder cancer, presented with an acute kidney injury...

Ambient scribes: the silent revolution

Clinical practice is in the midst of a profound digital transformation with a new wave of technology gaining increasing prominence: ambient scribes. These AI-powered tools streamline documentation by converting doctor–patient conversations into structured clinical notes in near real time. Healthcare...

USANZ Trainee Week 2022 – a trip down under

The BAUS Section of Trainees (BSoT) opened applications for two senior UK urology trainees to be sponsored to attend the annual Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ) Trainee Week, in Melbourne. The week is held in November each...

The Lister Royal College of Surgeons of England / BAUS Accredited Robotic Urological Fellowship Programme

Robotic fellowship training in the UK – overview Robotic surgery has increased in popularity since its introduction in 2003. Its validation in a growing number of operative procedures has increased its acceptance nationwide and its usage is becoming widespread. Initial...

Onco-fertility: a review

Subfertility or infertility is a major problem affecting men diagnosed with testicular cancer (TC) either due to the disease itself [1], or as a result of management [2]. TC is the most prevalent cancer affecting men of reproductive age [3]....

Prenatal spina bifida repair – does it have urological benefits in the longer term?

At present, I have one patient under my care who underwent prenatal closure of his spina bifida defect. Only with time, will we be able to determine whether this intervention has been of benefit for him from a urological standpoint....

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2-3% of all cancers [1]. It is an adenocarcinoma making up 85% of all renal malignancies. Sarcomatoid transformation is a microscopically identified feature of RCC accounting for 5% of all RCCs [2]. Known as sarcomatoid...

Clinical trials 1

Clinical Trials 2 is available here. Case 1 1. What are the levels of clinical evidence based on the 2009 definitions from the ‘Oxford CEBM’? 2. What is the null hypothesis? 3. What are type 1 and type 2 errors?...

Urinary tract stones

Case 1 What does this plain X-ray of kidneys, ureters and bladder (KUB) show? What, according to the 2009 The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, is the most appropriate first-line treatment? What factors do the NICE...

Quality Improvement – how to get involved?

The General Medical Council (GMC) requires all trainee doctors to carry out Quality Improvement (QI) as part of our annual appraisal process [1]. Exactly what QI projects are and how to get involved is less widely understood. Traditionally surgical trainees...

An update on antibiotic prophylaxis in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy

Since its inception in the 1980s, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy has remained the standard tool for the histological diagnosis of prostate cancer. There are several advantages to this technique which have led to the widespread use of TRUS in...