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The microbial syndicate: dysbiosis and origins of recurrent UTIs

2 July 2025 | | URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Infection
Traditional dogma held that urine was sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed an underground microbial community, known as the urinary microbiome or ‘urobiome’ [1]. Far from being harmful, this community of microorganisms helps modulate immune responses, regulate inflammation, and...

Kidney stones in pregnancy

2 November 2023 | | URO - Endourology & Stones
Case 1 A 28-year-old female, 19 weeks pregnant, presents with severe left loin pain. There is no past medical history of note. Blood tests show a white cell count of 14.1x109/L and creatinine of 56umol/L. An ultrasound scan (USS) reports...

The surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence in a post-mesh era

7 July 2020 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Infection
Trends in surgical management of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) have changed in recent times, mainly due to the ‘High Vigilance Pause’ placed on the use of mesh for SUI (and prolapse) surgery in July 2018 following an independent...

Benign upper tract abnormalities

6 November 2024 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Case 1 A 28-year-old lady has been referred to your clinic with right loin pain. She has no significant past medical history but mentions that she and her partner have been trying to get pregnant. She has an US renal...

Use of Clavien-Dindo classification in urology part 2 – upper tract

1 May 2016 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
A classification system of surgical complications was proposed by Clavien in 1992 [1] and further modified by Dindo in 2004 [2]. Clavien-Dindo classification has since then been validated through many retrospective case series as well as in comparative studies to...

Practical surgical management of chronic testicular pain

1 January 2019 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Infection, URO - Trauma & Emergency
Chronic testicular pain (CTP) is defined as constant or intermittent, unilateral or bilateral testicular pain of more than three months’ duration, which significantly interferes with the daily activities of the patient prompting medical advice [1-4]. This condition is commonly seen...

In conversation with Ahmed Ali

12 May 2025 | URO - Core Urology
We were delighted to chat to Ahmed Ali about the journey to pursing a urological career in the UK and his decision to found the Arabic-British Urological Society. You grew up in Iraq and went to university in Baghdad; what...

Stuttering (recurrent ischaemic) priapism

1 March 2018 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Infection, URO - Neurourology, URO - Paediatrics, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Technology, URO - Trauma & Emergency, URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Uroradiology
Stuttering (recurrent ischaemic) priapism (SP) is a rare urological condition. Affected men will often experience almost daily prolonged and painful sleep related erections (SRE). Interestingly, these men report normal erections during the day and whilst awake. These episodes are usually...

Upper tract abnormalities

11 July 2023 | | URO - Paediatrics, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Case 1 Figure 1. A 26-year-old female presents to A&E with loin pain. What do the CT images in Figures 1 (left, centre and right) show? What is the prevalence of the congenital anomaly in the general population, and is...

An update on erectile dysfunction guidelines and treatment options

1 March 2019 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Technology
Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to attain and / or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual performance. Not only does this have a psychosocial impact, it also affects the quality of life of both the patients and...

Management of RHC in prostate cancer with selective embolisation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy

4 July 2024 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men worldwide. Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for localised and locally advanced prostate cancer. While radiotherapy can be effective, it may lead to complications such as radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis...

Nuptial night tragedy

3 November 2022 | | URO - Trauma & Emergency
Case 1 A fit and well 50-year-old gentleman presents to the emergency department with pain and swelling of his penis that started a few hours after he had a shower earlier in the day. On examination, the appearance is as...