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Use of Clavien-Dindo classification in urology part 2 – upper tract

1 May 2016 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
A classification system of surgical complications was proposed by Clavien in 1992 [1] and further modified by Dindo in 2004 [2]. Clavien-Dindo classification has since then been validated through many retrospective case series as well as in comparative studies to...

Practical surgical management of chronic testicular pain

1 January 2019 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Infection, URO - Trauma & Emergency
Chronic testicular pain (CTP) is defined as constant or intermittent, unilateral or bilateral testicular pain of more than three months’ duration, which significantly interferes with the daily activities of the patient prompting medical advice [1-4]. This condition is commonly seen...

Upper tract abnormalities

11 July 2023 | | URO - Paediatric Urology, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Case 1 Figure 1. A 26-year-old female presents to A&E with loin pain. What do the CT images in Figures 1 (left, centre and right) show? What is the prevalence of the congenital anomaly in the general population, and is...

In conversation with Ahmed Ali

12 May 2025 | URO - Core Urology
We were delighted to chat to Ahmed Ali about the journey to pursing a urological career in the UK and his decision to found the Arabic-British Urological Society. You grew up in Iraq and went to university in Baghdad; what...

An update on erectile dysfunction guidelines and treatment options

1 March 2019 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Technology
Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to attain and / or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual performance. Not only does this have a psychosocial impact, it also affects the quality of life of both the patients and...

Management of RHC in prostate cancer with selective embolisation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy

4 July 2024 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men worldwide. Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for localised and locally advanced prostate cancer. While radiotherapy can be effective, it may lead to complications such as radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis...

Nuptial night tragedy

3 November 2022 | | URO - Trauma & Emergency
Case 1 A fit and well 50-year-old gentleman presents to the emergency department with pain and swelling of his penis that started a few hours after he had a shower earlier in the day. On examination, the appearance is as...

Imaging and surveillance in sporadic renal angiomyolipoma: how and when to monitor effectively

4 March 2025 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) are benign tumours, accounting for approximately 2–3% of all renal neoplasms [1]. Seventy percent of renal AMLs are sporadic, and 20–30% are associated with genetic aetiology. They are composed of smooth muscle, blood vessels, and adipose tissue....

Frailty in urology – part 1

5 September 2022 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Infection, URO - Trauma & Emergency, URO - Urologic Oncology
Part 2 of this topic can be found here Statement of the problem Clinical frailty carries an increased risk of poor health outcomes. The pathological process resulting in frailty is often overlooked and elucidating its aetiology and natural history are...

SMILE: sustaining medical education in a lockdown environment

3 February 2021 | | URO - Core Urology
2020 posed challenges to medical education like never seen before. In an effort to contain and slow the spread of coronavirus all UK medical schools ceased or reduced face-to-face contact. This sudden, and for many, unexpected change resulted in pressures...

The Urology Foundation – 2019 Report

11 December 2019
It has been another busy year for The Urology Foundation in our mission to end the suffering caused by urology disease. We’ve taken big strides in some of the most crucial areas of our work as we work to prevent, treat and cure all urology disease.

Clinical trials 1

1 January 2017 | URO - Basic Science Research
Clinical Trials 2 is available here. Case 1 1. What are the levels of clinical evidence based on the 2009 definitions from the ‘Oxford CEBM’? 2. What is the null hypothesis? 3. What are type 1 and type 2 errors?...