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Anti-VEGF and PD-1 combinations in renal cell carcinoma
Over the past decade, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been central to treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with oncologists refining dosing strategies to balance treatment efficacy with quality of life (QoL). Recently, the introduction of...
Comparing treatment modalities for transplant kidney VUR in the paediatric population
The management of Transplant kidney vesicoureteral reflux in the paediatric population is a heavily debated issue and Deflux® injection to manage VUR is both widely described in the literature and commonly practised. In this paper, these authors have put forth...Urolithiasis 1 – ureteric colic
- Click for Part 2 and Part 3 on this topic - Case scenario A 45-year-old male presents to Accident & Emergency with two days of intermittent, severe, left-sided loin to groin pain and multiple episodes of vomiting. He undergoes...Upper tract abnormalities
Case 1 Figure 1. A 26-year-old female presents to A&E with loin pain. What do the CT images in Figures 1 (left, centre and right) show? What is the prevalence of the congenital anomaly in the general population, and is...Imaging and surveillance in sporadic renal angiomyolipoma: how and when to monitor effectively
Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) are benign tumours, accounting for approximately 2–3% of all renal neoplasms [1]. Seventy percent of renal AMLs are sporadic, and 20–30% are associated with genetic aetiology. They are composed of smooth muscle, blood vessels, and adipose tissue....
Scrotal antegrade sclerotherapy for the adolescent varicocele
The incidence of varicocele in adolescent males is around 15%. Treatment indications include symptoms (pain) and evidence of a smaller testis. Numerous surgical techniques are described but there is a lack of randomised controlled trials (RCT), specifically in adolescents. This...Men with a susceptibility to prostate cancer: implications of family history in PCa risk-prediction
Incorporation of family history (FH) status into prostate cancer (PCa) risk stratification has the potential to underpin many aspects of PCa care. This group of men presents a unique challenge in early cancer detection, particularly given that most men without...Core Surgical Training
With competition ratios for core surgical training (CST) rising to 9 to 1, career progression and job security are an ever-increasing stress for resident doctors [1]. Of the 630 jobs available in 2025, only a small fraction of these will...
Utility of biomarkers in the prediction of oncologic outcome after radical cystectomy for SCC
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is more commonly seen in Egypt due to schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) and accounts for 2% to 5% of all bladder tumours. Schistosomiasis is found in the bladder vasculature and leads to chronic inflammation causing...
