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History of prostate biopsy – part 2

1 September 2018 | | URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Technology
For Part 1 of this topic is available here. The major limitations of the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy (PBx) protocols are the risk of profound sepsis and the risk of persistently significant false negative rates, related to the...

Monkey glands

4 September 2020 | | URO - Technology, URO - Andrology
In this series of articles I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). It’s not often that a urological procedure enters popular culture. This particular one...

A review of the diagnosis and management of urethral caruncles

1 November 2017 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Introduction The innocuous urethral caruncle is the most common benign urethral lesion in females. It can pose a significant challenge to urologists due to the plethora of differentials and poor evidence surrounding management. In 1926, Ferrier eloquently described the macroscopic...

Congenital buried penis – an extremely rare entity

21 August 2024 | | URO - Paediatrics, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Trauma & Emergency
Congenital non-visualisation of penis is a rare form of buried penis. It affects the functional and psychological behaviour of the affected child. Most of the cases in literature are secondary in nature like post circumcision, post trauma and due to...

Management of urological issues following genital gender affirmation surgery for individuals assigned female at birth

12 September 2023 | | URO - Andrology
Gender incongruence arises when there is a mismatch between an individual’s gender identity and their sex assigned at birth. Genital gender affirmation surgery (GAS) is the final step of transition for transgender and non-binary individuals who experience gender incongruence. This...

Can we make LATE-presenting posterior urethral valves an EARLIER-treated condition?

3 September 2024 | | URO - Paediatrics
What are posterior urethral valves? Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most common cause of congenital bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and renal failure in male children. They were first described by the Italian anatomist Giovanni Battista Morgagni back in the...

Artificial intelligence in bladder cancer diagnostics

2 May 2025 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Bladder cancer (BCa), ranking as the 10th most common cancer worldwide, poses a significant health burden with high morbidity and mortality [1]. Timely tumour detection and accurate evaluation are crucial for effective management, as the prognosis is dependent on the...

Prostate cancer in men of African heritage: understanding the risk and prognostic factors

2 July 2025 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a major public health concern and is recognised as one of the most common cancers worldwide, accounting for a significant proportion of cancer-related deaths. It is the second most common malignancy among men globally after lung...

MRI screening for prostate cancer: a step towards a ‘prostagram’

7 January 2020 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Technology
The UK National Screening Committee has been calling for further research into alternative screening tests for prostate cancer. The committee decided against prostate cancer screening using prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing on the basis that “PSA is still a poor...

The bilious solution of Monsieurs Calmette et Guérin

1 July 2022 | | URO - Technology, URO - Urologic Oncology
In this series of articles I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). This month’s history story was inspired by a question from one of my...

Demanding cases or nightmares in uro-oncology? Jan/Feb 2023

6 January 2023 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Radical surgical treatment of prostate cancer has become minimally invasive owing to robotic assisted laparoscopic technology [1]. Patients who undergo robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) often have lower risk of morbidity compared to an open approach. However, patients with a...

Localised renal cancer

4 September 2025 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Uroradiology
Case 1 A 56-year-old lady is referred to the urology clinic after the GP conducted an ultrasound abdomen for deranged liver function tests and found a renal lesion. She is otherwise fit and well. Figure 1. What is the sensitivity...