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Recent advances in the management of castration resistant prostate cancer
Castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is defined by disease progression despite androgen-deprivation therapy lowering testosterone to castrate levels. It may present as a rise in serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), progression of pre-existing disease, or the appearance of...
BPS – a diagnostic enigma
This article from a London teaching hospital presents the results of a Medline search about challenges in bladder pain syndrome. All the known definitions from the American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU), etc. are given while the...
Beta 3 receptors in OAB
More and more is written on Beta 3 receptors in human bladders and their role in detrusor relaxation. This study from Japan investigated human Beta 3 AR gene which is polymorphic. One hundred women with overactive bladder (OAB) and 101...Saints preserve us!
In this series of articles I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website www.baus.org.uk. A saint is a holy person; the word derives from the Latin word...
Can antibiotics reduce ‘unnecessary’ prostate biopsies?
With numerous factors capable of influencing prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and therefore the likelihood of biopsy, this multi-centred randomised controlled trial (RCT) was designed to see if two weeks of ciprofloxacin compared to placebo would significantly reduce PSA levels...The bulbocavernosus reflex
Despite its first discovery predating the early-1940s, clinical application of the bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) has been limited to date. The BCR traditionally involves contraction of the bulbo- and ischiocavernosus pelvic floor muscles, often referred to as the ‘bulbocavernosus muscle’, in...
Robot assisted radical prostatectomy – could it be gold standard?
Prostate cancer (PCa) is still the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. Most of the PCa are organ confined at the time of diagnosis. To watch (observation / active surveillance) or fry (radiotherapy) or...
Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients after enterocystoplasty
It is well known that enterocystoplasty within terminal ileum leads to vitamin B12 deficiency and regular monitoring of this post-surgery is essential. Often supplements need to be given because of deficiency in up to 40% of patients. These authors looked...
Redo orchidopexy
Cryptorchidism, or the undescended testis, is perhaps the most common genital anomaly in males. Historical success rates are approximately 90% depending on the preoperative location and technique used. Iatrogenic cryptorchidism can also occur in up to 2% of cases following...
Radiation exposure – what is the optimal imaging modality in the follow-up of patients with urinary tract calculi?
Cumulative radiation dose is an important consideration in the nephrolithiasis patient population. Exposure to ionising radiation is known to be harmful and is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Understanding radiation doses is necessary to make informed decisions regarding...
