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Can antibiotics reduce ‘unnecessary’ prostate biopsies?

With numerous factors capable of influencing prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and therefore the likelihood of biopsy, this multi-centred randomised controlled trial (RCT) was designed to see if two weeks of ciprofloxacin compared to placebo would significantly reduce PSA levels...

BPS – a diagnostic enigma

This article from a London teaching hospital presents the results of a Medline search about challenges in bladder pain syndrome. All the known definitions from the American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU), etc. are given while the...

Beta 3 receptors in OAB

More and more is written on Beta 3 receptors in human bladders and their role in detrusor relaxation. This study from Japan investigated human Beta 3 AR gene which is polymorphic. One hundred women with overactive bladder (OAB) and 101...

ESWL and URS for treatment of paediatric urolithiasis

Tejwani et al. have undertaken a comparative effectiveness study to characterise differences in procedure frequency, postoperative re-admissions and emergency room (ER) visits, and repeat treatment rates for children (≤18 years) with urolithiasis who underwent initial intervention with extracorporeal shock wave...

Active surveillance for small renal masses in younger patients

Active surveillance (AS) is discussed as an option for renal masses <2cm in patients with significant competing risks for mortality. This multicentre data from the US seeks to fill an important gap in current guidelines for provision of this option...

Prostatic artery embolisation versus sham

Randomised trials with use of sham is uncommon in the surgical literature, which makes this paper more interesting. Many different treatments are available for treating lower urinary tract symptoms / benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS / BPH). Prostatic artery embolisation (PAE)...

Malignant upper urinary tract obstruction: emergency presentations and long-term outcomes

Malignant upper urinary tract obstruction (MUUTO) is a frequent emergency urological referral, often necessitating kidney drainage to preserve renal function. However, many patients have advanced cancer with limited life expectancy, raising questions about intervention benefits. While percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) or...

Robot assisted radical prostatectomy – could it be gold standard?

Prostate cancer (PCa) is still the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. Most of the PCa are organ confined at the time of diagnosis. To watch (observation / active surveillance) or fry (radiotherapy) or...

Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients after enterocystoplasty

It is well known that enterocystoplasty within terminal ileum leads to vitamin B12 deficiency and regular monitoring of this post-surgery is essential. Often supplements need to be given because of deficiency in up to 40% of patients. These authors looked...

Redo orchidopexy

Cryptorchidism, or the undescended testis, is perhaps the most common genital anomaly in males. Historical success rates are approximately 90% depending on the preoperative location and technique used. Iatrogenic cryptorchidism can also occur in up to 2% of cases following...